Step 4: The remaining spaces should be filled with a hydroxyl group. Step 3: thereafter, hydrogen to carbon bond are drawn such that four are on one side and the remaining one on the other side. Step 2: the arms for all the carbon atoms excluding the first one are extended. Step 1: 6 carbon atoms are drawn at first. Steps are given to Draw the Open Chain Structure (an acyclic form of glucose) of a Glucose Molecule:

Later on, scientist Haworth introduced the cyclic structure of glucose which approves the existence of alpha and beta anomers of glucose, mutarotation etc. But this structure was unable to explain why glucose fails to react with Schiff base, sodium bisulphate or the process of mutarotation. The open chain structure of glucose was recognized by Baeyer. Open chain formula of glucose does not contain a formyl group within it. Consequently, the α and β-isomers are anomers to each other. Then the hemiacetal carbon atom (C -1) becomes a new stereo genic centre or chiral centre which is commonly referred to as the anomeric carbon. For ease of visualizing the molecule, the six-membered hemiacetal structure is drawn as a flat hexagon, but in reality, it is assumed to be a chair conformation. It is a stereo center which is called a chiral centre. The carbonyl carbon compounds such as ketone or aldehyde are responsible for the formation of anomeric carbon. In animals and fungi, it is the result of the breakdown of glycogen via glycolysis.ĭ and L fructose Anomeric carbon in glucose It occurs in plants as a major product of photosynthesis. it is one of the stereoisomers of glucose, and is the one that is biologically active. D-glucose formulaĭ-glucose basically means dextrorotatory (meaning that as an optical isomer when placed inside polarimeter that rotates the plane of polarized light to the right and also an origin for the D designation) glucose. Better to say, they are isomers to each other, or isomeric monosaccharides. And causes differences in molecules despite of sharing the same atoms in the same proportion.

Though glucose and fructose have similar chemical formula, they differ from each other structurally and stereo chemically. Chemical formula or structural formula of glucose is C 6H 12O 6.chemical formula or structural formula of fructose is also C 6H 12O 6.

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